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European snow vole
The European snow vole or snow vole (''Chionomys nivalis'' and previously ''Microtus nivalis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It has dense, pale grey fur and a pale-coloured tail and can reach about 14 cm (5.5 in) long, with a tail which is 7 cm long.
The European snow vole is native to mountainous parts of southern and eastern Europe and southwestern Asia. It is found in the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Apennine Mountains, the Carpathian Mountains, the Montesinho mountains, the higher regions of the Balkans and Asia Minor. Its habitat is rocky areas and screes, mostly above the tree line. It is mainly a solitary animal and lives under boulders and in crevices and tunnels among rocks and scree.
==Taxonomy==
The European snow vole was first described by Martins in 1842 as ''Microtus nivalis''. Gromov and Polyakov erected the genus ''Chionomys'' in 1972 and the name ''Chionomys nivalis'' is now accepted, although the exact affinities of the species are not fully established. Fossil evidence suggests that ''Chionomys nivalis'' had evolved in Europe by the late Pleistocene and that the other two members of the genus, Robert's snow vole (''Chionomys roberti'') and the Caucasian snow vole (''Chionomys gud'') evolved in the Caucasus and Near East regions with Robert's snow vole splitting off from the ancestral line by the middle Pleistocene. All members of the genus have a distribution in the south-western palearctic and are restricted to a broad band of territory about long and wide. All three species are present in the Caucasus and the Pontic Mountains in northeastern Turkey.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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